Amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB) avela cishe kuzo zonke izisetshenziswa zikagesi. Uma kunezingxenye ze-electronic kudivayisi, zonke zifakwe kuma-PCB osayizi abahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kokulungisa izingxenye ezincane ezihlukahlukene, umsebenzi oyinhloko wePCBukuhlinzeka ngoxhumano lukagesi oluhlangene lwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezingenhla. Njengoba izinto ze-elekthronikhi ziba nzima nakakhulu, izingxenye eziningi ziyadingeka, futhi imigqa nezingxenye kuPCBziminyene kakhulu. IndinganisoPCBkubukeka kanje. Ibhodi elingenalutho (elingenazo izingxenye kulo) liphinde libizwe ngokuthi “Ibhodi Lezintambo Eziphrintiwe (PWB).”
I-base plate yebhodi ngokwayo yenziwe nge-insulating material engagobeki kalula. Izinto eziyisiyingi ezincanyana ezingabonakala phezulu ziyi-copper foil. Ekuqaleni, ucwecwe lwethusi lwalumboza lonke ibhodi, kodwa ingxenye yalo yaqoshwa phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi ingxenye esele yaba umjikelezo omncane onjenge-mesh. . Le migqa ibizwa ngokuthi amaphethini e-conductor noma i-wiring, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngoxhumano lukagesi ezingxenyeni ze-PCB.
Ukunamathisela izingxenye ku-PCB, sithengisa izikhonkwane zabo ngqo ku-wiring. Ku-PCB eyisisekelo kakhulu (ehlangothini olulodwa), izingxenye zigxilwe ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi izintambo zigxilwe ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngenxa yalokho, sidinga ukwenza izimbobo ebhodini ukuze izikhonkwane zidlule ebhodini ngaphesheya, ngakho izikhonkwane zengxenye zithengiswa ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlangothi zangaphambili nangemuva ze-PCB zibizwa ngokuthi i-Component Side kanye ne-Solder Side, ngokulandelana.
Uma kunezingxenye ezithile ku-PCB ezidinga ukususwa noma zibuyiselwe ngemva kokuqedwa kokukhiqizwa, amasokhethi azosetshenziswa lapho izingxenye zifakiwe. Njengoba isokhethi lihlanganiswe ngokuqondile ebhodini, izingxenye zingahlakazwa futhi zihlanganiswe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Okubonwa ngezansi isokhethi ye-ZIF (Zero Insertion Force), evumela izingxenye (kulokhu, i-CPU) ukuthi zifakwe kalula kusokhethi futhi zikhishwe. Ibha yokugcina eduze nesokhethi ukuze ubambe ingxenye endaweni ngemva kokuyifaka.
Uma ama-PCB amabili azoxhunywa namanye, ngokuvamile sisebenzisa izixhumi ezinqenqemeni ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “iminwe yegolide”. Iminwe yegolide iqukethe amaphedi ethusi amaningi aveziwe, empeleni ayingxenye yePCBisakhiwo. Ngokuvamile, lapho sixhuma, sifaka iminwe yegolide kwenye yama-PCB ezindaweni ezifanele kwenye i-PCB (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi izikhala zokunweba). Kukhompyutha, njengekhadi lezithombe, ikhadi lomsindo noma amanye amakhadi esixhumi esibonakalayo, axhunywe kubhodi lomama ngeminwe yegolide.
Okuluhlaza noma okunsundu ku-PCB umbala we-solder mask. Lolu ngqimba luyisivikelo esivikela izintambo zethusi futhi sinqande izingxenye ukuthi zingadayiselwe endaweni engafanele. Isendlalelo esengeziwe sesikrini sikasilika siphrintwa kumaski e-solder. Ngokuvamile, umbhalo nezimpawu (iningi elimhlophe) ziphrintwa kulokhu ukuze kuboniswe indawo yengxenye ngayinye ebhodini. Uhlangothi lokuphrinta kwesikrini lubizwa nangokuthi uhlangothi lwenganekwane.
Amabhodi Anohlangothi Olulodwa
Sisanda kusho ukuthi ku-PCB eyisisekelo kakhulu, izingxenye zigxilwe ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi izintambo zigxilwe ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngenxa yokuthi izintambo zivela ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, silubiza lolu hloboPCBuhlangothi olulodwa (luhlangothi olulodwa). Ngenxa yokuthi ibhodi elilodwa linemikhawulo eminingi eqinile ekwakhiweni kwesifunda (ngoba kukhona uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela, i-wiring ayikwazi ukuwela futhi kufanele ihambe ngendlela ehlukile), ngakho-ke ama-circuits okuqala kuphela asebenzisa lolu hlobo lwebhodi.
Amabhodi anezinhlangothi ezimbili
Leli bhodi linezintambo nhlangothi zombili. Nokho, ukuze usebenzise izinhlangothi ezimbili zocingo, kufanele kube nokuxhumana kwesifunda okufanele phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili. "Amabhuloho" anjalo phakathi kwamasekethe abizwa ngokuthi i-vias. I-Vias yizimbobo ezincane ku-PCB, ezigcwele noma ezipendwe ngensimbi, ezingaxhunywa ezintanjeni nhlangothi zombili. Ngenxa yokuthi indawo yebhodi enezinhlangothi ezimbili inkulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunebhodi elinohlangothi olulodwa, futhi ngenxa yokuthi izintambo zingahlukaniswa (zingalimala ngakolunye uhlangothi), ifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kokuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. amasekethe kunamabhodi anohlangothi olulodwa.
Amabhodi Wezingqimba Eziningi
Ukuze kwandiswe indawo engaba nezintambo, amabhodi ezintambo amaningi angashadile noma amabili asetshenziselwa amabhodi amaningi. Amabhodi anezingqimba eziningi asebenzisa amabhodi amaningana anezinhlangothi ezimbili, bese ebeka ungqimba oluvikelayo phakathi kwebhodi ngalinye bese enamathisela (cindezela-fit). Inani lezendlalelo zebhodi limelela izingqimba zezintambo ezimbalwa ezizimele, ngokuvamile inani lezendlalelo lilingana, futhi lihlanganisa izingqimba ezimbili ezingaphandle kakhulu. Ama-motherboards amaningi anezinhlaka ezingu-4 kuya kweziyisi-8, kodwa ngokobuchwepheshe, acishe abe ungqimba oluyi-100.PCBamabhodi angafinyelelwa. Amakhompiyutha amakhulu amaningi asebenzisa amabhodi omama anezendlalelo eziningi ngokufanelekile, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi amakhompyutha anjalo angathathelwa indawo amaqoqo amakhompyutha amaningi avamile, amabhodi anezingqimba eziningi aye aphelelwa amandla kancane kancane. Ngoba izingqimba ku-aPCBziboshwe ngokuqinile, ngokuvamile akulula ukubona inombolo yangempela, kodwa uma ubhekisisa ibhodi lomama, ungase ukwazi.
I-vias esisanda kuyisho, uma isetshenziswa ebhodini elinezinhlangothi ezimbili, kufanele ibhobozwe kulo lonke ibhodi. Kodwa-ke, ebhodini lezendlalelo eziningi, uma ufuna kuphela ukuxhuma okunye kwalokhu kulandelelwa, khona-ke i-vias ingase imoshe indawo ethile yokulandelela kwezinye izendlalelo. I-Vias engcwatshwe kanye nobuchwepheshe be-blind vias bungagwema le nkinga ngoba zingena nje ezimbalwa zezingqimba. I-Vis eyimpumputhe ixhuma izingqimba ezimbalwa zama-PCB angaphakathi kuma-PCB angaphezulu ngaphandle kokungena kulo lonke ibhodi. Ama-vias angcwatshwe axhunywe ngaphakathi kuphelaPCB, ngakho azikwazi ukubonakala ebusweni.
Kusendlalelo esiningiPCB, lonke ungqimba luxhunywe ngokuqondile ocingweni lwaphansi kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla. Ngakho sihlukanisa isendlalelo ngasinye njengongqimba lwesignali (Isiginali), isendlalelo samandla (Amandla) noma isendlalelo saphansi (Ground). Uma izingxenye ze-PCB zidinga amandla ahlukene, ngokuvamile ama-PCB anjalo azoba nezingqimba ezingaphezu kwezimbili zamandla nezintambo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-25-2022